经济学管理概述(pdf 22页)(英文)
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点击下载In the typical analysis of an exchange economy, agents are involved in consumption and exchange goods voluntarily when mutually beneficial. The
endowments and the preferences are the primitives of the model. The distribution of consumption in society is determined endogenously through trade.
This paper is motivated by a complementary perspective on human interaction.
Throughout the history of mankind, it has been quite common (and we suspect that it will remain so in the future) that economic agents,
individually or collectively, use power to seize control of assets held by others.
Power relationships, either formal or informal, are pervasive in every society and take several forms. Often, power is purely physical. Sometimes,
however, power is more gentle. In the male-female “market”, for example, charm and attraction play a key role in obtaining a favorite mate. In an office parking lot, social conventions such as seniority allow control of the preferred parking places. The power of persuasion enables some to convince others to take actions against their own interest.
We introduce and analyze an elementary model of a society, called the jungle, in which economic transactions are governed by coercion. The jungle
consists of a set of individuals, each having exogenous preferences over bundles of goods and exogenous “strength”. The ranking of agents according to strength is unambiguous and known to all. Power, in our model, has a simple and strict meaning: a stronger agent is able to take resources from a weaker agent.
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