专题研究：在食物系统的产品开发英文(pdf 31页)

Case studies: product development in the
food system
The four basic stages in the PD Process are the same for all food product
development, but there are significant differences in the activities, techniques
and timings for new product development in the primary production, industrial
food processing, and food manufacturing industries.
Primary production’s product development is based on either a breeding
process from cultivated varieties or capturing a new species from the wild. The
development of new plants, animals and fish takes a great deal of time and
depends on times of growing and harvesting. There can be a general product
concept based on perceived consumer or industrial wants and needs, and on
technical knowledge to identify the possible parents for the new varieties. But it
takes generations to develop the suitable variants. This is described in the first
Case Study on starting a new apple variety. The industrial ambience is of a
farmers’ cooperative fruit processing and exporting enterprise working with a
national horticultural research institution. The second Case Study looks at
another freshfruitproject, onmangoes.Thistimetheemphasisisstronglyonthe
consumer, using statistical and other quantitative techniques to build up the
consumers’ preference image, and then to use this consumer image and
information in assessing current varieties, and moving towards improvements.
This is in the framework of government/university research, a national growers’
organisation and private exporters and marketers.
Industrialfoodprocessing’sproductdevelopment isverystronglyprocessing-
based, both in the ingredient supplying and the buying companies. Food
manufacture is usually directed towards providing a wide variety of products for
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