中国银行的改革(英文版).ppt38

China’s Last Step Across the River: Completing the banking reform
The last-steps
The past relatively pain-free reform approach is no longer possible
New reforms face tougher tasks:
giant SOEs
pillar SOCBs
Why adjustments may be painful?
non-state sector small in these sectors
financial problems could trigger economy-wide difficulties
unemployment pressure
Banking reform has made progresses
The central bank, PBOC, was established
A complete banking system was developed
4 major banks (75% of banking assets)
a dozen other commercial banks
3 policy banks
foreign banks and branches
proposed 10 private banks
Financial deepening: M2/GDP ratio (>130%)
The banks rely mainly on household deposits (70%) and lend mainly to the state sector (>70%)
Financial deepening, M2/GDP (%)
Declining growth rates of household deposits
But bank fragility grew
Banking problems caused by
Loss-making SOEs
Policy loans (one-third of total outstanding loans)
Weak banking institutions
Non-performing loans
Under-capitalization of the banks
(comparing to the other Asian economies)
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